grad: accretion disk, Schwarzschild black hole
General Relativistic Accretion Disk model around a Schwarzschild black hole. Inner radius is fixed to be 3 Schwarzschild radii, thus the energy conversion efficiency is 0.057. See Hanawa, T., 1989, ApJ, 341, 948 and Ebisawa, K. Mitsuda, K. and Hanawa, T. 1991, ApJ, 367, 213. Several bugs were found in the old GRAD model which was included in xspec 11.0.1ae and before. Due to these bugs, it turned out that the mass obtained by fitting the old GRAD model to the observation was 1.4 times over-estimated. These bugs were fixed, and a new parameter (par6) was added to make the distinction between the old and new codes clear.
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par1 |
distance (kpc) |
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par2 |
disk inclination angle (deg; 0 for face-on) |
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par3 |
mass of the central object (solar units) |
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par4 |
mass accretion rate 1018 gs-1 |
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par5 |
spectral hardening factor, Tcol/Teff. Should be greater than 1.0, and considered to be 1.5–1.9 for accretion disks around a stellar-mass black hole. See, e.g., Shimura and Takahara, 1995, ApJ, 445, 780 |
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par6 |
A flag to switch on/off the relativistic effects (never allowed to be free). If positive, relativistic calculation; if negative or zero, Newtonian calculation (the inner radius is still fixed at 3 Schwarzschild radii, and the efficiency is 1/12). |
|
norm |
Should be fixed to 1. |